U.S. authorities are giving new alerts about China’s aspirations in artificial intelligence and a scope of advanced technologies that could ultimately give Beijing a decisive military edge and conceivable strength over medical services and other essential sectors in America. The warnings include a reestablished work to illuminate business executives, academics and local and state government officials about the perils of tolerating Chinese speculation or aptitude in industries, officials at the National Counterintelligence and Security Center said Thursday. While the center doesn’t mean to advise officials to dismiss Chinese investment, it will encourage efforts to control intellectual property and implement security...