In the decade that the BJP’s ideology took control in India, things did not stand still elsewhere. In 2015, China’s Prime Minister Li Keqiang announced a 10-year initiative to reduce China’s reliance on foreign technology and to move China from being a low-cost manufacturer to a direct competitor with the world’s most advanced economies — Germany, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and the United States. This plan was named “Made in China” 2025. It identified sectors like semiconductors, artificial intelligence, robotics, commercial aircraft, drones, high-speed rail, electric vehicles and batteries, advanced ships and solar panels. The sectors were classified into those where...