A federal judge has thrown out seven economic espionage convictions against the former Google engineer Linwei Ding, on the grounds that prosecutors never proved he was working for China. Seven trade secret theft convictions stand. Judge Vince Chhabria found the evidence sufficient to show that Ding took what he took, but insufficient to show that he intended or knew his conduct would benefit the Chinese government. That distinction is the whole of the difference between the two sets of charges. Economic espionage under US law requires a foreign state connection, which is what makes it the charge of choice in…