The 2025 Union Budget has tried to institutionalise initiatives that deepen and strengthen India’s manufacturing ecosystem through the rationalisation of import duties, skill development, export promotion, and proactive navigation of tariff and non-tariff barriers. In addition to the vulnerabilities of importing clean energy components from China, India’s exports from this sector are highly dependent on a handful of countries, such as the United States, Germany, France, and Japan. By leveraging the initiatives proposed under the 2025 Union Budget, India can begin to embed itself more strategically and widely in the global clean energy market. This will determine whether Indian manufacturers...