Long after the printing press arrived, we started using books for learning. In modern times, teachers began using projectors, smartboards, and tablets in classrooms as the technology evolved. Now, artificial intelligence has entered this long lineage of tools. But if history is any guide, pedagogy—and not the latest technology—moves the needle in learning. Good teaching methods always centred on how instructors engaged students, not the tools. Studies of technology in classrooms across decades offer a cautionary insight. Tools alone rarely boost learning. You need the proper pedagogy around them. A large-scale meta-analysis of 67 studies on English language teaching found…