During the mass riots that preceded the US-Israeli attack, Iranian authorities restricted the use of foreign-based digital platforms and introduced a domestic ecosystem, a national digital platform.China followed a similar path as, despite not being cut off from the Internet, it possesses its own intranet where the use of apps and data is controlled by the Chinese. A similar approach is being developed in Russia since 2022, after the West tried to capitalize on its apparent lack of hardware and software needed to maintain digital infrastructure. Other countries, like Turkiye, also seek their own solutions to this problem. While the…