India and China share a complicated relationship. The world’s two most populous nations are outright regional rivals who fought a border war in the 1960s. Relations have been at a low point since border clashes in 2020 left soldiers dead on both sides. Despite this, the two countries have growing economic ties. China has an assortment of critical technology and materials that India needs to fuel its manufacturing ambitions. China also sees an important new consumer market in India’s growing middle class.