The powerful quote comes from a lecture given in 1947 by J. Robert Oppenheimer, the scientific director of the Manhattan Project. He was reflecting on the creation of the atomic bomb and the moral burden carried by the scientists who helped build it.Oppenheimer’s words were not dramatic for effect. They were deeply personal. After leading the team that developed the first nuclear weapons in Los Alamos Laboratory, he witnessed the devastating bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. These attacks killed over 200,000 people, many of them civilians. The world entered the nuclear age, and there was no turning…


