China's energy transition is moving from a climate objective to a major economic restructuring that could reshape electricity prices, industrial competitiveness, energy security and investment decisions for decades. An IMF working paper by Hugo Rojas-Romagosa, Gregor Schwerhoff, Sneha Thube and Sha Yu finds that replacing coal with renewable electricity can ultimately support economic growth, but the outcome depends heavily on how China manages renewable variability, electricity demand and its enormous coal fleet. For policymakers, development partners and investors, the study's central message is that batteries, modern grids and flexible electricity markets could make the transition economically beneficial, while continued coal…