TikTok has been fined €530m (£452m) by an Irish watchdog over a failure to protect some European user data from being used by the Chinese government. Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC) regulates TikTok across the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes all 27 EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. It found the Chinese-owned video-sharing app breached GDPR (general data protection regulation) by not addressing whether EEA user data sent to China would be shielded from that country’s authorities. The DPC said: “TikTok did not address potential access by Chinese authorities to EEA personal data under Chinese anti-terrorism, counterespionage...