America's electricity grid is facing a demand shock unlike anything in a generation, and the question of how to meet it is reshaping the politics of energy. Data centers are projected to consume roughly 8 percent of U.S. electricity by 2030, up from about 3 percent in 2022, according to Goldman Sachs Research. The International Energy Agency has projected that global data center electricity consumption will more than double by 2030, with the United States accounting for the largest share of that growth. Hyperscale operators need what the grid has struggled to provide: massive quantities of firm, carbon-free, round-the-clock power...