Heterostyly, a floral polymorphism where a species produces two or three distinct flower types with reciprocal arrangements of stigmas and anthers, boosts pollination accuracy, reduces sexual interference, and encourages cross-pollination. This intricate system is controlled by the S-locus supergene. Whole-genome duplication, or polyploidization, often disrupts elaborate genetic systems and has long been believed to cause heterostyly to break down into a simpler form known as homostyly. However, most molecular studies of heterostyly have focused on diploid species, leaving a gap in understanding how polyploids handle this complex trait. To address this gap, researchers from the South China Botanical Garden of…