China and the United States are competing to lead the development of increasingly powerful artificial intelligence systems, but both countries are also confronting a growing concern: what happens if advanced AI becomes capable of acting beyond effective human oversight? Recent warnings from researchers at U.S. AI developer Anthropic that increasingly capable models could potentially escape human control and pose extreme risks have renewed attention on a problem that Chinese policymakers have already begun addressing through regulation and national AI safety frameworks. The issue is becoming more important as AI systems move beyond conventional chatbots toward autonomous agents that can access…